Advancing the Science
of Stillness

The Darkness Therapy Foundation is a leading non-profit organization for the scientific study, development, and awareness of darkness-based therapies, connecting the world’s foremost researchers to advance mental well-being.

About

The Darkness Therapy Foundation is an independent nonprofit focused on advancing scientific research and institutional awareness around darkness-based interventions for mental health and well-being.

We support evidence-driven exploration of how extended stays in darkness impact the mind and body. Our work is grounded in interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical standards, and a long-term commitment to responsible development of this field.

While our primary focus is on research, we also engage with public institutions, academic partners, and practitioners to develop educational frameworks, safety standards, and global collaboration.

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Board & Operations

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Marek Malus, PhD

Co-Founder, Scientific Director

Marek Malus is the co-founder and Research Director of the Darkness Therapy Foundation. Holding a PhD in psychology and a robust research portfolio, he is currently regarded as the leading active researcher in the field of Chamber-REST and modern sensory deprivation. His PhD research played a key role in revitalizing scientific interest in this area and laid the foundations for its modern exploration. Based in the Czech Republic, he has conducted influential studies on the psychophysiological effects of prolonged darkness and its therapeutic potential. His work continues to shape the emerging field of darkness therapy, and he actively collaborates with international researchers to strengthen its scientific and clinical foundations.

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Sajjad Saffari, MSc

Co-Founder, Executive Director

Sajjad Saffari is the co-founder and Executive Director of the Darkness Therapy Foundation. An entrepreneur and health informatician with a B.Sc. in medical and biomedical laboratory science and an M.Sc. in health informatics from Karolinska Institutet, he advances darkness therapy through innovation and the use of multimodal metrics. He has co-founded ventures in diagnostics and AI-driven mental health, building on his experience at Karolinska University Hospital. As founder of Noord Darkness Retreats in the Nordics, he integrates research, practice and entrepreneurship to make darkness therapy both data-driven and globally accessible.

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Marcin Czub, PhD

Cognitive Research Director

Marcin Czub is an assistant professor at the Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław. His research focuses on body perception, interoception, and pain treatment. He also studies visual mental imagery and the cognitive aspects of dark retreats and visual sensory deprivation. He supports the Foundation’s scientific work with methodological insight and expertise in experimental design. With over 20 years of meditation practice, he has completed multiple retreats, including several in darkness. Marcin brings practical knowledge to this field, having founded DarkShelter, a dark retreat centre near Wrocław, Poland, where he facilitates retreats for others.

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Tomas Roud, Bc

Community & Infrastructure Lead

Tomas Roud has been leading dark retreat experiences since 2013, inspired by his transformative process at the Oneness University in India. He sees these retreats as a powerful way for self-discovery and inner growth through deep introspection. As a digital native and passionate technologist, Tomáš loves programming, keeps up with trends in cryptocurrencies and decentralization, and values voluntarism as his highest principle. This belief guides both his business approach and civic activism in the Czech Republic, where he advocates for freedom, personal choice, and respect for others’ rights.

scientific advisory board

Anette Kjellgren

Anette Kjellgren

Professor of Psychology

Anette Kjellgren is Professor of Psychology at Karlstad University and one of the leading researchers in flotation-REST (Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy). With decades of experience in altered states of consciousness, integrative health, and transpersonal psychology, her work has been foundational in establishing REST as a subject of academic inquiry. Anette brings deep scientific rigor to the exploration of sensory deprivation and its therapeutic implications.

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Peter Suedfeld

Professor Emeritus of Psychology

Peter Suedfeld is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of British Columbia and a global pioneer in REST research. His groundbreaking studies since the 1970s have helped define the psychological effects of extreme and reduced environments, including sensory deprivation chambers and polar expeditions. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Peter’s work continues to influence how we understand stress, adaptation, and consciousness.

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Maria Niemi

Associate Professor in Public Health Science

Maria Niemi is Associate Professor in Public Health Science at Karolinska Institutet, with expertise in mental health promotion and integrative approaches to well-being. She has led research on vulnerable populations and culturally adapted interventions, and brings a systems-thinking perspective to the design of future mental health frameworks. Maria serves as an advisor on clinical relevance and public health implications within the Foundation.

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Michael Skragge

PhD Student in Psychology

Michael Skragge is a PhD student in psychology with a special interest on ethical frameworks, altered states of consciousness, and integrative mental health. With a background in mindfulness facilitation and somatic therapy, he brings a unique perspective on inner experiences and psychological safety in retreat contexts. Michael contributes to the foundation’s work on ethics, participant care, and long-term mental health outcomes in darkness therapy.

Chamber-REST

While the 1960s to 1990s saw extensive research into Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) – earlier known as sensory deprivation and led notably by Peter Suedfeld and colleagues – modern scientific attention has largely shifted toward Flotation REST, leaving Chamber-REST significantly underexplored.

This gap in current empirical knowledge leaves fundamental questions unanswered: How do controlled and prolonged darkness experiences affect circadian rhythms, hormonal regulation, and neural plasticity? What cognitive and perceptual changes arise when visual input is suspended for days or even weeks? Can such states of deep sensory reduction offer therapeutic value for conditions ranging from anxiety and addiction to chronic pain, or support mindfulness, burnout prevention and treatment, and other domains of psychological well-being and overall health, viewed within a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual framework?

Importantly, darkness is only one component of the retreat experience – silence, solitude, stillness, and the absence of temporal structure likely play distinct yet interacting roles that remain poorly understood. These inquiries span physiology, cognitive neuroscience, and clinical domains, including psychotherapy, yet have attracted remarkably little systematic investigation.

In an age of relentless visual and informational stimulation, artificial light exposure, and dopamine-driven instant gratification, the relevance of intentional darkness and stillness is increasingly relevant. As overstimulation becomes a defining condition of contemporary life, rigorous research into Chamber-REST and darkness retreat practices could illuminate not only how the human brain and body adapt to reduced external sensory input, but also how such environments might serve as potent tools for restoration, insight, and psychophysiological healing.

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